Undoubtedly, Swift’s reproach for the demand placed on commoners, to honor glorified, arrogant – and all too often corrupt – superiors, and, at the same time, these commoners’ flawed perceptions, can be seen in his harsh sarcasm.Sarcasm also presents itself in Swift’s mockery of women. Gulliver's "Master," the Houyhnhnm who took him into his household, buys him time to create a canoe to make his departure easier. For example, Gulliver takes note of how the floating island of Laputa punishes other, rebellious islands, stating:[The] king has two methods of reducing them to obedience. Thus, Swift satirically hints at the ignorance and perceived superiority of the British.Book III, entitled A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg, and Japan, contains hyperbole, characterized by the use of exaggeration for emphasis or effect, to satirize both the European way of thought and the stifling nature of Great Britain.
In detail, he records the bloody and cruel methods that the Lilliputians plan to use to kill Gulliver; then he comments ironically on the mercy, decency, generosity, and justice of kings. He is convicted and sentenced to be blinded. In fact, satirising the power relations of Britain and Swift's native Ireland or, more broadly, the rich and poor, we find that Laputa is used to subdue Balnibarbi by threats to block the sun or rain, by throwing down rocks, or even crushing rebel cities by lowering Laputa onto them.Swifts targets were political and often very personal. However, the reader undoubtedly recognizes the momentous religious rift created over egg-breaking as pure nonsense. Yet this statement becomes even more ironic because the King of Brobdingnag condemns the English as “dimunitive insects”, refusing to acknowledge that his kingdom, too, has many ills to improve, such as the beggars on the streets. People, he believed, were generally ridiculous and petty, greedy and proud; they were blind to the "ideal of the mean." The reader recognizes this as extreme and excessive, hence the hyperbole.In addition to hyperbole, Swift uses sarcasm liberally in Book III. Satire in Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. This, of course, is completely off track. Swift claimed that he wrote Gulliver's Travels "to vex the world rather than divert it". By portraying the wretched beggars as being such immense and grotesque creatures, Swift comments on the pervasiveness of poverty in England and Ireland. In this way, Swift intends to burn into the reader’s consciousness the horrid reality of the poverty that plagues the cities of England and Ireland, something that the literate person reading Gulliver’s Travels during the 18th century may have perhaps been too removed to comprehend.An instance of verbal irony occurs during Gulliver’s conversation with the King, in which Gulliver states that”[Great] allowances should be given to a King who lives wholly secluded from the rest of the World, and must therefore be altogether unacquainted with the manners and customs that most prevail in other nations: the want of which knowledge will ever produce many prejudices, and a certain narrowness of thinking, from which we and the politer Countries of Europe are wholly exempted.” (174)This statement presents itself as verbal irony because the sheer size of Great Britain and “the politer Countries of Europe” makes it impossible for them to be “wholly exempt” from prejudice and narrow-mindedness. Clearly, Gulliver cannot comprehend this inversion of power, and this holds true for the Houyhnhnms also. Through the King’s reaction to Gulliver’s account of his motherland and his people, Swift stresses that just as the Lilliputians seem disagreeable to Gulliver, so, too does Gulliver and his race with respect to the Brobdingnagians. (73-74)In describing the jests of the “rope-dancers,” Swift actually parodies the antics of candidates running for office for the Court of England. He told me, he did not doubt, that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the governor’s gardens with sunshine, at a reasonable rate: but he complained that his stock was low, and entreated me “to give him something as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since this had been a very dear season for cucumbers.” I made him a small present, for my lord had furnished me with money on purpose, because he knew their practice of begging from all who go to see them.
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gulliver's travels satire